فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَٱنْحَرْ
Meaning: So establish prayer for your Lord; and make sacrifices. (QS. Al-Kautsar Verse 2)
There are several legal provisions regarding sacrifice that a Muslim must be aware of. This ensures that their worship is truly based on religious knowledge and that they understand and comprehend the issues. Of course, the most important thing is... The intention of the sacrifice is for worship and a means of getting closer to Allah SWT. The following is a summary of the laws and arguments regarding sacrifice.
First, The Prophet Muhammad SAW once sacrificed two sheep. He slaughtered both of them after performing the prayer ‘Eid. The Prophet (peace be upon him) stated that whoever slaughters a sacrificial animal before prayer is not considered a sacrifice at all. Rather, it is simply meat offered to his family.[1]
Second, it is permissible to end the slaughter on the second and third day after ‘Eid. Thus, in the narration of the Prophet SAW, he said:.
كُلُّ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ ذَبْحٌ
“"The entire day of Tasyriq is a time of slaughter"” (HR. Ahmad, (IV/8).
Regarding sacrificial animals, in the Qur'an, the letter Al-An'am verse 162, Allah SWT said;
قُلْ إِنَّ صَلَاتِى وَنُسُكِى وَمَحْيَاىَ وَمَمَاتِى لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ
“"Say (Muhammad) Truly my prayer, my worship, my life and my death are only for Allah, Rabb of all the worlds"” (QS. Al-An'am verse 162).
Say stabbing Here it means slaughtering an animal in order to get closer to Allah SWT. Scholars have different opinions regarding the law of sacrifice. According to the evidence that... diligent (strong), the law is obligatory, and some scholars also say it is sunnah. However, for those who are unable to offer a sacrifice, the basic law is that the obligation is waived.
Third; A warning from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) for those who have excess wealth but do not offer a sacrifice, even though they can actually afford a sacrificial animal. Regarding this matter, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) firmly issued a warning in the form of a threat to those who have excess wealth. Narrated by Abu Hurairah May Allah bless you he said, Rasulullah SAW said:
مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ سَعَةٌ، وَلَمْ يُضَحِّ، فَلَا يَقْرَبَنَّ مُصَلَّانَا
“"Whoever chooses abundance (of sustenance) but does not offer a sacrifice, let him not approach our place of prayer."”[2]
The argument in the hadith above is that he forbade those with ample sustenance from approaching the prayer place if they did not offer a sacrifice. This indicates that they had neglected an obligation. It seems as if there is no benefit in drawing closer to Allah if accompanied by neglecting an obligatory act.
Four, from Jundul bin 'Abdillahalal-Bajaji, he said; ‘I saw the Prophet SAW on the day of the sacrifice saying;
مَن ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ أنْ يُصَلِّيَ فَلْيُعِدْ مَكَانَهَا أُخْرَى، ومَن لَمْ يَذْبخ فَلْيَذْبَحْ
“"Whoever slaughters a sacrifice before prayer, let him replace it with another. Meanwhile, whoever has not slaughtered it, let him slaughter it."”[3]
It is important to note that animals that are included in the status (law) of sacrifice are animals that are slaughtered after performing prayers. ‘Eid al-Adha. Animals slaughtered before the Eid prayer are considered charity for the family, as explained above.
Fifth, From Mikhnaf bin Sulaiman, that he witnessed the Prophet SAW, preaching on the day of Arafah, he said;
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ عَلَى كُلِّ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ أُضْحِيَّةٌ وَعَتِيرَةٌ . هَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَا الْعَتِيرَةُ ؟ هِيَ الَّتِي تُسَمُّونَهَا الرَّجَبِيَّةَ )حسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود
“Every year, the residents of every house are obliged to make a sacrifice and 'Atiirah.[4] Do you know what 'atirah is? It's what people call rajabiyah (a goat slaughtered in the month of Rajab)."‘[5]
In hadith This contains the meaning of mandatory law. Meanwhile, ‘'Atiirah has been abolished, but its abolition does not abolish sacrifice, so the law is still valid today. Ibnul Atsir Said; “Al-Atirah has been deleted. This happened in the early days of Islam.
Atiirah is a sacrifice that people slaughter ignorance in the month of Rajab. They made it happen sunnah (customs) such as slaughtering sacrificial animals on Eid al-Adha. Prohibitions on Atiirah This is found in the narrated Hadith Bukhori, (5474) and Muslim, (1976) from Abu Hurairah may Allah be pleased with him from the Prophet SAW who said;
لا فَرَعَ وَلا عَتِيرَة
“"There is no (in Islamic law) fara' and no atirah."’
Sixth, Among the instructions of the Prophet SAW is, whoever wants to make a sacrifice, then enters the first ten days of the month of Dzulhijjah, then he should not cut his hair, feathers or nails at all. Because, a prohibition has been established regarding this act.
In the book Muslim Syarah (xiii.138-139) Imam An-NawawI said: What is meant by the prohibition on removing nails and hair (fur) is the prohibition on removing nails by cutting, plucking, or other means intentionally. Meanwhile, the prohibition on removing hair is the prohibition in the form of shaving, shortening, plucking, burning, or using anything that can remove it, whether it is armpit hair, mustache hair, pubic hair, head hair, or hair from other parts of the body.
Seventh, The Prophet Muhammad SAW used to choose sacrificial animals that were not defective and looked for the best ones. He forbade sacrificing animals with broken ears or broken horns. (As narrated by Ahmad, (I/83, 127, 129, 150) Abu Dawud (2805) At-Tirmidhi (1504). In addition, he ordered to see health and absence of defects.
He then advised against sacrificing animals with blind eyes, those with cut ears, or those with torn or burnt ears. Castrated goats, however, may be used as sacrificial animals. This is in accordance with the Prophet's instructions, as narrated by Abu Ya'la (1792) and Baihaqi (xi/268).
Eighth, Among the instructions of the Prophet SAW, it is permissible to sacrifice a goat on behalf of oneself and all family members, even if there are many of them. The best sacrifice is a ram with horns, male, white, mixed with black around the eyes and legs.
Because, this is the characteristic of the sacrificial animal that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) liked, and he once sacrificed such an animal. As mentioned in hadith Aisyah in history Muslim (1967) and Abu Dawud (2792).
Ninth, It is recommended for a Muslim to slaughter his own sacrificial animal. However, if someone else does it on his behalf, it is permissible. It is recommended for the family who slaughters the sacrificial animal to eat some of the meat, give some as gifts, and give some in charity. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:;
God bless you لِتَسَعَكُمْ، فَكُلُوا وَادَّخِرُوا وَتَصَدَّقُوا
“"I used to forbid you from keeping sacrificial meat for more than three days so that you could make allowances for others. Now, eat it, store it, and give it in charity."” (HR Bukhari, (5569) Muslim 1971)
These are some of the arguments and laws regarding sacrifice. We hope they are helpful. Sayarah for more details please read the book; Shifatu Shaumin Nabi Fii Ramadhan Ahkaamul 'Iidain Fis Sunnatil Muthahharah. Work by Sheikh Ali bin Hasan al Halabi & Sheikh Salim bin 'Ied al-Hilali. Translated into Indonesian, in the discussion of Eid al-Adha and sacrificial animals, pp. 233-241
And Allah knows best..
[1] HR. Bukhari, (5560) and Muslim (1961).
[2] HR. Ahmad (1/321, Ibn Majah (3123) ad-Daraquthni (IV/277)
[3] HR. Al-Bukhari (5552, Muslim (1960), an-Nasa-I (VII/224).
[4] In the Book of Gharibul Hadith (I/195.
[5] HR. Ahmad, (IV/215, Ibn Majah (3125), Abu Dawud (2788)
