In the Qur'an there is a month that is called the "Haram" month. Haram months are months that are respected. Because these months are included in the Hajj atmosphere. In these months it is forbidden to fight, and this has been made a tradition by Arab tribes since ancient times and this tradition in Islam has never been changed. The haram month that is forbidden for him to fight is the moon Dzulqa'dah, Dzulhijjah, Muharram and the month of Rajab.
In the Qur'an, Surah at-Taubah Verse 36, Allah Swt. said:
God willing, God willing, God willing, God willing, God willing. God willing وَالْاَرْضَ مِنْهَآ God bless you تَظْلِمُوْا فِيْهِنَِ الْمُشْرِكِيْنَ كَاۤفَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُوْنَكُمْ كَاۤفَّةًۗ وَاعْلَمُوْٓا اَنَّ اللّٰهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِيْنَ ٣٦
It means: "Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve months, according to Allah's decree when He created the heavens and the earth, of which four months are haram. That is the (decree of) the straight religion, so do not wrong yourselves in the fourth month, and fight all the polytheists as they fight all of you, and know that Allah is with the pious."[1]
Buya Hamka in Tarsir Al-Azhar explains the meaning of the base of the verse "Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve months" The meaning is that Allah truly counts the months according to the orbit of the moon, not the orbit of the sun. The orbit of the moon in a year is twelve times the orbit of the moon.
"So it is in the Book of Allah, from the day He made all the heavens and the earth" This means that since God has arranged the journey of the Falak (orbit, the celestial path of the sun, moon, and stars) in its current state, within the orbital axis of the Sun (Galaxy) of the celestial Solar System. The moon orbits the earth and the earth orbits the sun. It has also been detected in calculations that there are twelve lunar orbits in a year.
It was customary for nations, especially the Arabs, to observe the moon's twelve revolutions around the earth, which was their primary focus in calculating the year. This was because the lunar count was easier to determine at any given time, as everyone could observe the moon's orbit.
The moon's orbit is visible to everyone, appearing as a small crescent at the beginning of the month, then gradually waning towards the end. Its orbit can be observed between 29 and 30 days. In the middle of the month, specifically on the 15th of each Hijri month, a full moon will appear, marking the halfway point of the moon's orbit.
Unlike the Sun, its size remains unchanged every morning and evening, at sunrise and sunset, and at the exact moment of midday heat. And so, the path that Allah SWT has outlined continuously regulates the journey of the Moon. The Arabs then gave the twelve months their own names. Muharram, Safar, Rabi'ul Awwal, Rabi'ul Akhir, Jumadil Awwal, Jumadil Akhir, Rajab, Sha'ban Ramadhan, Shawwal, Dzul Qa'idah, and Dzul Hijjah.
So after the Arabs embraced the Tauhid religion. The Hanif religion or Islamic religion, which was preached by the Prophet Ibrahim and the Prophet Ismail, is said to be four months that are highly respected. This is respected because in those four months there is no fighting and no revenge.
The four noble and respected months are: Dhul Qa'idah, Dhul Hijjah and Muharram. Three months in a row and one is the month Rajab (seventh month). The meaning of the word "respected" during these three consecutive months is that war is prohibited, looting, and revenge are prohibited. This is because this month is a special time for performing the Hajj pilgrimage to the House of Allah.
Since Dzul Qa'idah preparations for leaving for Hajj, then Dzul Hijjah is the month of performing Hajj, and the month of Muharram is the time for the Hajj pilgrims to return home from Baitullah. Six months after the Hajj in the month of Rajab. Stop the war, get rid of the war, the bitterness of grudges, so that you can also perform Umrah in that month.
That is Buya Haka's opinion in Tafsir Al-Azhar regarding the explanation of the QS. At-Taubah verse 36, regarding the wisdom contained in the Haram (respected) Months in Islam. And the Moon Sacred including in it, as well as a marker for calculating the entry of the Hijri New Year in the Islamic calendar.[2]
And Allah knows best
[1] https://tafsirweb.com/3052-surat-at-taubah-ayat-36.html (Accessed June 29, 2025).
[2] Discussion and Explanation by Buya Hamka in Tafsir Al-Azhâr Volume 4. (Singapore: Pustaka Nasional PTE LTD, 1999). Letter Al-A'raf verses 1-206. Letter Al-Anfal verses 1-75 and Letter At-Taubah verses 1-129). See Letter At-Taubah verse 36, pp. 2956-2958
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