In Islam, forms of justice include two major aspects. Like justice in the form of relationships Khalîq (creator) and creatures (creation), then justice in the form of relationships between creatures.
And both of them are related to each other. Like the justice of the creator with his creation, Allah SWT, has created the world and everything in it with perfect unity, everything that happens in it is absolutely based on the will of God Almighty, so that everything in it runs according to sunnatullah.
Thus, in the creation of this universe, everything is perfectly unified. Therefore, there is no flaw or deficiency in Allah SWT's creation. This is the meaning of justice in the broadest sense.
Therefore, the damage that occurs in the universe is nothing other than the result of the actions of human hands themselves. (QS. al-Rum: 41). Then towards humans, Allah has also carried out the most just actions. It is humans who do injustice to each other and even to themselves.
If you consider it, Allah doesn't do anything oppressor as heavy as a mustard seed, while the injustice that is rampant on this earth is nothing other than the result of human arrogance. "Indeed, Allah does not do wrong to humans in the slightest, but it is humans who do wrong to themselves." (QS al-Nisa': 40). Meanwhile, towards fellow creatures, humans are required to treat each other well and properly, with compassion, help each other, have tolerance, and respect and appreciate each other.
Understanding the Word Justice in Islam
In this position, to know the meaning of the word fair According to Islam, the first step is to review the definition of justice in the Qur'an, Hadith, and Arabic dictionaries. This is necessary because the sources of knowledge in Islam are the Qur'an and Sunnah.
Therefore, the researcher will present several verses of the Quran that mention the word "just" and its equivalents. However, the word "just" is mentioned in the Quran 28 times in different forms. These include verses 3, 58, and 135 of Surah An-Nisa. Al-Baqarah verse 282, al-An'am verse 152 and in other letters.
وَاِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ اَلَّا تُقۡسِطُوۡا فِى الۡيَتٰمٰى فَانْكِحُوۡا مَا طَابَ لَـكُمۡ مِّنَ النِّسَآءِ مَثۡنٰى وَثُلٰثَ وَرُبٰعَ ۚ About مَلَـكَتۡ اَيۡمَانُكُمۡ ؕ ذٰ لِكَ اَدۡنٰٓى اَلَّا تَعُوۡلُوۡا ؕ ٣
"And if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with orphans, then marry women of your choice, two, three, or four. But if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly, then only one, or whatever female slaves you possess. That is nearer to prevent you from doing injustice..
may Allah bless him and give him peace and blessings اَهْلِهَاۙ وَاِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ or تَحْكُمُوْا God willing, God willing, God willing, God willing اللّٰهَ كَانَ سَمِيْعًا ۢ بَصِيْرًا ٥٨
"Indeed, Allah commands you to convey the trust to its owner. When you establish laws between people, you must establish them fairly. Indeed, Allah gives you the best teaching. Indeed, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing". (QS. an-Nisa: 58)
يٰٓاَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْا كُوْنُوْا قَوَّامِيْنَ بِالْقِسْطَ God willing اَوْ فَقِيْرًا فَاللّٰهُ اَوْلٰى بِهِمَاtroop Allah's blessings God bless you
"O you who believe, be upholders of justice and witnesses for Allah, even if the testimony incriminates yourselves, your parents, or your relatives. If the person (who is being weighed in the testimony) is rich or poor, Allah is more worthy of knowing (the benefits of) both. So, do not follow your desires because you want to deviate (from the truth). If you distort (the words) or turn away (reluctant to be witnesses), verily Allah is very thorough in everything you do." (QS an-Nisa [4] : 135).
Logically, the verses above make it very clear that (justice) in Indonesian or 'adl in Arabic, or al-qisth. At first glance, if you read and understand the translation of the verses above, it seems as if the word 'adl And qisth are the same. At a glance, the word zohir al-'Adl And al-Qisth is the same, but it should be remembered that there are no synonyms (similar words) in the Qur'an in general. true.
This is a form of confirmation that the Arabic language of the Qur'an has 'Ijaz or privileges when compared with everyday Arabic. If in the Qur'an there are words that are mentioned simultaneously in one verse without being separated, this shows the glory and perfection of the language of the Qur'an (Saleh et al., 2021). If you look at the verses above, it will make it easier for us to trace the true meaning of these two words (al-'adl and al-Qisth), So it is necessary to refer to Arabic dictionaries which are famous and which are primary references in Arabic, including dictionaries Arabic literature the work of Ibn Manzur.
The word justice or العَدْلُ in Arabic, is ism mashdar from the word عَدَلَ verb (past tense verb) and يَعْدِلُ mudhori' (present tense verb). This word is mujarrâd verb (original verb). Which consists of three letters, namely the letters ع, د, ل so that from its origin, this word is linguistically (lughowi) means مستقيم (straight), impartial ((لايميل and (المَرْضِيُّ قولهُ وحكمهُ) accepted his words and decisions (Ibn Manzur, Lisanul Arab) 430 volume 11. While the word القسطُ has its origin in قَسَطَ which means المقدار (degree, amount), الحصَّةُ (part), الميزانُ (balance, scale), (lisanul Arab, Ibn manzur. 377, volume 7). Fairness is more of a concept soul. Meanwhile al-qisth more focus on the size, amount, scale of the concept of justice.
The opposite of al-'Adl is injustice (الظلم) al-Zulmu. Therefore, anyone who is unjust has actually committed injustice (Suliyono, 2020). And any form of statute that lacks the concept of justice is inherently oppressive (Umam, 2016, p. 105).
Thus, the meaning of the word al-'Adl focuses more on physical and metaphysical matters or physical and spiritual matters or dzohir and batin, such as "division of inheritance, matters of affection, attention, and love." Meanwhile, the meaning of the word al-Qisth is to focus on dzohir matters only, namely everything that can be sensed and measured such as "giving money, giving gold, distributing rice evenly."
Therefore, justice in Islam does not simply mean equality in rights and obligations, as the Western understanding of justice promoted through their media suggests. Rather, the definition and concept of justice must align with the meaning of the word itself. As mentioned above, justice is something that is straight or true, impartial.
Wallahua'lam Bish Shawâb
Author: Jalaluddin At-Tidi, Postgraduate Student of Master of Languages, Darussalam University (UNIDA) Gontor. Arabic Language Department
1 comment