As we know, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was a human being who received education and guidance directly from Allah SWT. This education and guidance directly from Allah meant the instilling of knowledge and manners, encompassing all aspects, both spiritual and material, that foster good qualities in life. As a hadith states: Addabanî Rabbî faahsana Ta'dîbî. "My Lord has educated (addaba) me and made my education (ta'dîb) the best."[1]
The moral education taught by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is not merely about behavior, morals, manners, ethics, and the like. It contains three important meanings: one is the meaning of knowledge. (film), instructions (ta'lim) and good coaching (education). For this reason, the education of the Prophet Muhammad was made by Allah as the best educator, supported by the Al-Qur'an which affirms the position of the noble Prophet (akram), the best role model and a creature of the earth with the noblest morals.[2]
The glory of the morals of the Prophet Muhammad. reflected in the actions and practices he carries out. One of his loving qualities is reflected in his social interactions when entertaining guests who come to see him; We came to the Prophet Muhammad. At that time we were still young and the same age. We stayed with him for twenty nights. Rasulullah SAW was the most gentle and merciful person. He thought that we missed our family. He asked us about the family we left behind, so we told him. Then he said;
"Go home to your families and live with them. Guide them and do good to them. Pray, pray at that time. When the time for prayer comes, let one of you make the call to prayer and the oldest of you act as Imam." (Muttafaqun alaihi).[3]
If you look closely, the story above is a reflection of the love and form of education that the Prophet taught to his friends. He ordered his friends to guide and teach their respective families to do good and always put their parents first in certain matters.
Therefore, the role of educator and teacher within the family and society is crucial, and the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) warned those who neglect it. This is especially true of the responsibilities and rights of parents to their families, especially their children, as mentioned in the book As-Sa'adah al-'Uzhmâ.
"O parents and teachers, if you throw your child's responsibilities into the pasture and camp, I'm afraid you will suffer double punishment; you will be punished for polluting that venerable pearl with a painful punishment. Your glory will also be punished for taking part in this crime."[4]
Education manners according to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. As mentioned above, adâb has a broad meaning. The meaning of adâb as in the hadith "Allah has educated me" in this context is that my God has inspired or given guidance to the Messenger of Allah to know and acknowledge that Allah is actually the true God. The key word is to recognize and acknowledge the existence of Allah as God who has the will for everything.[5]
Education manners The teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) are the essence of all messages. Imagine, in the Mecca region during the period of ignorance, all forms of idolatry, sin, and the moral decay of society gradually diminished until a civilized and civilized society emerged. A people who initially did not know God later became a people of monotheism.
Therefore, manners and good morals are the pinnacle of ethical education itself. This became an important note which was then distributed by the friends of the Prophet Muhammad. to then be preached universally to all humans. Of course, preaching the word of Tawhid was not easy because the Prophet and his companions encountered resistance from unbelievers, namely people whose hearts were closed to the truth.
Another meaning of adab education is the recognition of what one recognizes. Without recognition, education becomes merely a process devoid of application or action, in other words, charity. Recognition is the actualization of recognition of God accompanied by charity or action.[6]
Education manners The practices of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), based on monotheism, were able to make Islam a religion that was initially opposed. However, after people learned about Islam with all its perfections of education, teachings, manners, morals, and so on, guidance was opened in their hearts and they consciously embraced Islam. This was undoubtedly due to the important role of the Prophet Muhammad's preaching and education.
[1] Mahmud Qambar, Dirâsât Turâtsiyyah fî Tarbiyah al-Islâmiâyah, volume 2, Dhoha, Qatar: Dâr al-Tsaqofah, 1985), 1: 406. [2] See Surah Al-Ahzab verse 21. See Surah Al-Qalam verse 4 [3] Narrated by Abu Sulaiman Malik bin Huwarith Radhiyallahu 'anhu [4] As-Sa'adah al-'Uzhmâ. The work of Shaykh Muhammad al-Khidhr Husain, rahimahullah, 90 [5] Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, Aims and Objectives of Islamic Education, 1 [6] Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud, The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, 177
